Viruses and protozoans, Microflora of marijuana

"kbotinseattle" wrote in message
...


Microflora of marijuana

Most of these organisms infect people via the respiratory tract, or by
oral-mucosal contact with contaminated material. Inhaling a marijuana
cigarette contaminated with any of these organisms poses a risk. Smoking
****? Well, yea....

Rotting marijuana produces a spectrum of odors, from stale to musty to
moldy. P. italicum perfumes a lavender bouquet, while A. flavus smells
like a locker room. Clostridium bacteria stink like carrion.

Infested marijuana often darkens in color and becomes crumbly. Anaerobic
bacteria turn marijuana into brown slime. Marijuana undergoing rapid decay
may feel warm to touch. (At this stage your stash is ready for the compost
heap.) Tufts of fungi are often visible in mold material. In marijuana
stored in darkness, strands look white to light grey. Exposed to light,
storage molds spawn millions of colored spores in velvet clumps. A slight
tap sends these spores into great billowing clouds. Generally, Rhizopus
and Mucor produce grey-black spores; Penicillium species are light
blue-green; and Aspergillus species are dark green-black.

To screen for insects, simply shake samples in a No. 10 steel sieve. Of
course, not all bugs found in marijuana cause damage. Some are simply
"innocent bystanders" caught during harvesting and die right away. Live
(and chewing) insects are more suspicious.

Viruses and protozoans = Cates & Warren (1975) associated marijuana use
with an epidemic of hepatitis B in Germany, but did isolate the virus
from plant material. An outbreak of Hepatitis A in Washington state was
linked to consumption of Mexican marijuana, fertilized with human
excrement (Alexander 1987). No protozoans are reported from marijuana in
the literature.

Bacteria = Several bacteria species cited as present on marijuana are
human pathogens, and produce toxins: Taylor et al. (1982) isolated
Salmonella muenchen from illicit marijuana. Ungerlerder et al. (1982)
cultivated Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, E. agglomerans,
group D Streptococcus, and Bacillus sp. from marijuana supplied by the
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Kurup et al. (1983) isolated
several thermophilic actinomycetes from marijuana cigarettes, including
Thermoactinomyces candidus, T. vulgaris, and Micropolyspora faeni. These
organisms, while infectious, cause allergic pneumonitis in hypersensitive
individuals.

Marijuana and its active ingredient THC has been shown in some studies to
suppress immune function.

Smoked marijuana increases the risk of lung infections and complications.

Marijuana may be contaminated with insecticides, pesticides, fungus and/or
bacteria. Ingesting these could have mild-to-severe health consequences.
(Some claim that microwaving marijuana for ten seconds on high may
decrease risks associated with fungus contamination.)

Marijuana/THC has short-term impact on mental status. Long-term effects
are less clear.

Some studies suggest that marijuana/THC may decrease testosterone levels.


Fungi = In the popular press, Margolis and Clorfene (1975) and DuToit
(1980) describe molds colonizing marijuana in the United States and South
Africa, respectively. The "black weblike fungus" described by Margolis &
Clorfene (1975) suggests an Aspergillus species. Chusid et al. (1975) cite
A. fumigatus causing pneumonitis in a patient who buried his marijuana in
the ground for "aging." Llamas et al. (1978) recovered A. fumigatus from
marijuana owned by a patient suffering allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis. Kagen (1981) isolated several Aspergillus species from
moldy marijuana, including A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. flavus. Babu et
al. (1977) cultured A. niger, A. flavus, A. tamarii, A. sulphureus, and A.
repens from seeds in marijuana. Schwartz (1985) isolated A. niger from the
sinuses of a marijuana smoker who suffered severe headaches. Llewellyn &
O'Rear (1977) demonstrated aflatoxin production in marijuana contaminated
with A. flavus and A. parasiticus.

Penicillium species have been isolated from marijuana cigarettes by Kagen
et al. (1983) and Kurup et al. (1983). Babu et al. (1977) cultured P.
chrysogenum from Cannabis seeds. Bush Doctor (1993) reports isolating P.
italicum from marijuana stored with an orange peel at 0o C.
Mucor species have been recovered from marijuana by Kagen et al. (1983)
and Kurup et al. (1983). A related zygomycete, Rhizopus stolonifer, was
isolated from damp marijuana by Bush Doctor (1993).

Babu et al. (1977) cultured several other fungi from Cannabis seeds that,
according to Bossche et al. (1990), may cause opportunistic infections in
AIDS patients. These include Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata.
McPartland (1983, 1991, 1992) recovered these fungi from Cannabis in the
field, plus a Fusarium spp. All these fungi produce toxins. Ramírez (1990)
reports four policeman contracting histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma
capsulatum, after destroying a Cannabis field in Puerto Rico.

In article ews.net,
Jn ) wrote:
"kbotinseattle" wrote in message
...


Microflora of marijuana

Most of these organisms infect people via the respiratory tract, or by
oral-mucosal contact with contaminated material. Inhaling a marijuana
cigarette contaminated with any of these organisms poses a risk. Smoking
****? Well, yea....

Rotting marijuana produces a spectrum of odors, from stale to musty to
moldy. P. italicum perfumes a lavender bouquet, while A. flavus smells
like a locker room. Clostridium bacteria stink like carrion.

Infested marijuana often darkens in color and becomes crumbly. Anaerobic
bacteria turn marijuana into brown slime. Marijuana undergoing rapid decay
may feel warm to touch. (At this stage your stash is ready for the compost
heap.) Tufts of fungi are often visible in mold material. In marijuana
stored in darkness, strands look white to light grey. Exposed to light,
storage molds spawn millions of colored spores in velvet clumps. A slight
tap sends these spores into great billowing clouds. Generally, Rhizopus
and Mucor produce grey-black spores; Penicillium species are light
blue-green; and Aspergillus species are dark green-black.

To screen for insects, simply shake samples in a No. 10 steel sieve. Of
course, not all bugs found in marijuana cause damage. Some are simply
"innocent bystanders" caught during harvesting and die right away. Live
(and chewing) insects are more suspicious.

Viruses and protozoans = Cates & Warren (1975) associated marijuana use
with an epidemic of hepatitis B in Germany, but did isolate the virus
from plant material. An outbreak of Hepatitis A in Washington state was
linked to consumption of Mexican marijuana, fertilized with human
excrement (Alexander 1987). No protozoans are reported from marijuana in
the literature.

Bacteria = Several bacteria species cited as present on marijuana are
human pathogens, and produce toxins: Taylor et al. (1982) isolated
Salmonella muenchen from illicit marijuana. Ungerlerder et al. (1982)
cultivated Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, E. agglomerans,
group D Streptococcus, and Bacillus sp. from marijuana supplied by the
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Kurup et al. (1983) isolated
several thermophilic actinomycetes from marijuana cigarettes, including
Thermoactinomyces candidus, T. vulgaris, and Micropolyspora faeni. These
organisms, while infectious, cause allergic pneumonitis in hypersensitive
individuals.

Marijuana and its active ingredient THC has been shown in some studies to
suppress immune function.

Smoked marijuana increases the risk of lung infections and complications.

Marijuana may be contaminated with insecticides, pesticides, fungus and/or
bacteria. Ingesting these could have mild-to-severe health consequences..
(Some claim that microwaving marijuana for ten seconds on high may
decrease risks associated with fungus contamination.)

Marijuana/THC has short-term impact on mental status. Long-term effects
are less clear.

Some studies suggest that marijuana/THC may decrease testosterone levels.


Fungi = In the popular press, Margolis and Clorfene (1975) and DuToit
(1980) describe molds colonizing marijuana in the United States and South
Africa, respectively. The "black weblike fungus" described by Margolis &
Clorfene (1975) suggests an Aspergillus species. Chusid et al. (1975) cite
A. fumigatus causing pneumonitis in a patient who buried his marijuana in
the ground for "aging." Llamas et al. (1978) recovered A. fumigatus from
marijuana owned by a patient suffering allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis. Kagen (1981) isolated several Aspergillus species from
moldy marijuana, including A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. flavus. Babu et
al. (1977) cultured A. niger, A. flavus, A. tamarii, A. sulphureus, andA.
repens from seeds in marijuana. Schwartz (1985) isolated A. niger from the
sinuses of a marijuana smoker who suffered severe headaches. Llewellyn &
O'Rear (1977) demonstrated aflatoxin production in marijuana contaminated
with A. flavus and A. parasiticus.

Penicillium species have been isolated from marijuana cigarettes by Kagen
et al. (1983) and Kurup et al. (1983). Babu et al. (1977) cultured P.
chrysogenum from Cannabis seeds. Bush Doctor (1993) reports isolating P..
italicum from marijuana stored with an orange peel at 0o C.
Mucor species have been recovered from marijuana by Kagen et al. (1983)
and Kurup et al. (1983). A related zygomycete, Rhizopus stolonifer, was
isolated from damp marijuana by Bush Doctor (1993).

Babu et al. (1977) cultured several other fungi from Cannabis seeds that,
according to Bossche et al. (1990), may cause opportunistic infections in
AIDS patients. These include Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata..
McPartland (1983, 1991, 1992) recovered these fungi from Cannabis in the
field, plus a Fusarium spp. All these fungi produce toxins. Ramírez (1990)
reports four policeman contracting histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma
capsulatum, after destroying a Cannabis field in Puerto Rico.





If excessive marijuana consumption doesn't cause extensive brain damage,
WTF is THAT ^ all about?

--
The Captain

"kbotinseattle" wrote in message
...


Microflora of marijuana

Most of these organisms infect people via the respiratory tract, or by
oral-mucosal contact with contaminated material. Inhaling a marijuana
cigarette contaminated with any of these organisms poses a risk. Smoking
****? Well, yea....

Rotting marijuana produces a spectrum of odors, from stale to musty to
moldy. P. italicum perfumes a lavender bouquet, while A. flavus smells
like a locker room. Clostridium bacteria stink like carrion.

Infested marijuana often darkens in color and becomes crumbly. Anaerobic
bacteria turn marijuana into brown slime. Marijuana undergoing rapid
decay may feel warm to touch. (At this stage your stash is ready for the
compost heap.) Tufts of fungi are often visible in mold material. In
marijuana stored in darkness, strands look white to light grey. Exposed
to light, storage molds spawn millions of colored spores in velvet
clumps. A slight tap sends these spores into great billowing clouds.
Generally, Rhizopus and Mucor produce grey-black spores; Penicillium
species are light blue-green; and Aspergillus species are dark
green-black.

To screen for insects, simply shake samples in a No. 10 steel sieve. Of
course, not all bugs found in marijuana cause damage. Some are simply
"innocent bystanders" caught during harvesting and die right away. Live
(and chewing) insects are more suspicious.

Viruses and protozoans = Cates & Warren (1975) associated marijuana use
with an epidemic of hepatitis B in Germany, but did isolate the virus
from plant material. An outbreak of Hepatitis A in Washington state was
linked to consumption of Mexican marijuana, fertilized with human
excrement (Alexander 1987). No protozoans are reported from marijuana in
the literature.

Bacteria = Several bacteria species cited as present on marijuana are
human pathogens, and produce toxins: Taylor et al. (1982) isolated
Salmonella muenchen from illicit marijuana. Ungerlerder et al. (1982)
cultivated Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, E. agglomerans,
group D Streptococcus, and Bacillus sp. from marijuana supplied by the
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Kurup et al. (1983) isolated
several thermophilic actinomycetes from marijuana cigarettes, including
Thermoactinomyces candidus, T. vulgaris, and Micropolyspora faeni. These
organisms, while infectious, cause allergic pneumonitis in hypersensitive
individuals.

Marijuana and its active ingredient THC has been shown in some studies to
suppress immune function.

Smoked marijuana increases the risk of lung infections and complications.

Marijuana may be contaminated with insecticides, pesticides, fungus
and/or bacteria. Ingesting these could have mild-to-severe health
consequences. (Some claim that microwaving marijuana for ten seconds on
high may decrease risks associated with fungus contamination.)

Marijuana/THC has short-term impact on mental status. Long-term effects
are less clear.

Some studies suggest that marijuana/THC may decrease testosterone levels.


Fungi = In the popular press, Margolis and Clorfene (1975) and DuToit
(1980) describe molds colonizing marijuana in the United States and South
Africa, respectively. The "black weblike fungus" described by Margolis &
Clorfene (1975) suggests an Aspergillus species. Chusid et al. (1975)
cite A. fumigatus causing pneumonitis in a patient who buried his
marijuana in the ground for "aging." Llamas et al. (1978) recovered A.
fumigatus from marijuana owned by a patient suffering allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Kagen (1981) isolated several Aspergillus
species from moldy marijuana, including A. fumigatus, A. niger and A.
flavus. Babu et al. (1977) cultured A. niger, A. flavus, A. tamarii, A.
sulphureus, and A. repens from seeds in marijuana. Schwartz (1985)
isolated A. niger from the sinuses of a marijuana smoker who suffered
severe headaches. Llewellyn & O'Rear (1977) demonstrated aflatoxin
production in marijuana contaminated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus.

Penicillium species have been isolated from marijuana cigarettes by Kagen
et al. (1983) and Kurup et al. (1983). Babu et al. (1977) cultured P.
chrysogenum from Cannabis seeds. Bush Doctor (1993) reports isolating P.
italicum from marijuana stored with an orange peel at 0o C.
Mucor species have been recovered from marijuana by Kagen et al. (1983)
and Kurup et al. (1983). A related zygomycete, Rhizopus stolonifer, was
isolated from damp marijuana by Bush Doctor (1993).

Babu et al. (1977) cultured several other fungi from Cannabis seeds that,
according to Bossche et al. (1990), may cause opportunistic infections in
AIDS patients. These include Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata.
McPartland (1983, 1991, 1992) recovered these fungi from Cannabis in the
field, plus a Fusarium spp. All these fungi produce toxins. Ramírez
(1990) reports four policeman contracting histoplasmosis, caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum, after destroying a Cannabis field in Puerto Rico.

In other words, smoke your supply of organically grown, hydroponically
vetted cannabis right away, and throw away any rotting material. Makes
sense - and even for tobacco products - a man I used to know died from a
lung mold he caught from smoking damp cigarettes.


"Jorma" wrote in message
reenews.net...

"kbotinseattle" wrote in message
...


Microflora of marijuana

Most of these organisms infect people via the respiratory tract, or by
oral-mucosal contact with contaminated material. Inhaling a marijuana
cigarette contaminated with any of these organisms poses a risk.
Smoking ****? Well, yea....

Rotting marijuana produces a spectrum of odors, from stale to musty to
moldy. P. italicum perfumes a lavender bouquet, while A. flavus smells
like a locker room. Clostridium bacteria stink like carrion.

Infested marijuana often darkens in color and becomes crumbly. Anaerobic
bacteria turn marijuana into brown slime. Marijuana undergoing rapid
decay may feel warm to touch. (At this stage your stash is ready for the
compost heap.) Tufts of fungi are often visible in mold material. In
marijuana stored in darkness, strands look white to light grey. Exposed
to light, storage molds spawn millions of colored spores in velvet
clumps. A slight tap sends these spores into great billowing clouds.
Generally, Rhizopus and Mucor produce grey-black spores; Penicillium
species are light blue-green; and Aspergillus species are dark
green-black.

To screen for insects, simply shake samples in a No. 10 steel sieve. Of
course, not all bugs found in marijuana cause damage. Some are simply
"innocent bystanders" caught during harvesting and die right away. Live
(and chewing) insects are more suspicious.

Viruses and protozoans = Cates & Warren (1975) associated marijuana use
with an epidemic of hepatitis B in Germany, but did isolate the virus
from plant material. An outbreak of Hepatitis A in Washington state was
linked to consumption of Mexican marijuana, fertilized with human
excrement (Alexander 1987). No protozoans are reported from marijuana in
the literature.

Bacteria = Several bacteria species cited as present on marijuana are
human pathogens, and produce toxins: Taylor et al. (1982) isolated
Salmonella muenchen from illicit marijuana. Ungerlerder et al. (1982)
cultivated Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, E. agglomerans,
group D Streptococcus, and Bacillus sp. from marijuana supplied by the
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Kurup et al. (1983) isolated
several thermophilic actinomycetes from marijuana cigarettes, including
Thermoactinomyces candidus, T. vulgaris, and Micropolyspora faeni. These
organisms, while infectious, cause allergic pneumonitis in
hypersensitive individuals.

Marijuana and its active ingredient THC has been shown in some studies
to suppress immune function.

Smoked marijuana increases the risk of lung infections and
complications.

Marijuana may be contaminated with insecticides, pesticides, fungus
and/or bacteria. Ingesting these could have mild-to-severe health
consequences. (Some claim that microwaving marijuana for ten seconds on
high may decrease risks associated with fungus contamination.)

Marijuana/THC has short-term impact on mental status. Long-term effects
are less clear.

Some studies suggest that marijuana/THC may decrease testosterone
levels.


Fungi = In the popular press, Margolis and Clorfene (1975) and DuToit
(1980) describe molds colonizing marijuana in the United States and
South Africa, respectively. The "black weblike fungus" described by
Margolis & Clorfene (1975) suggests an Aspergillus species. Chusid et
al. (1975) cite A. fumigatus causing pneumonitis in a patient who buried
his marijuana in the ground for "aging." Llamas et al. (1978) recovered
A. fumigatus from marijuana owned by a patient suffering allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Kagen (1981) isolated several
Aspergillus species from moldy marijuana, including A. fumigatus, A.
niger and A. flavus. Babu et al. (1977) cultured A. niger, A. flavus, A.
tamarii, A. sulphureus, and A. repens from seeds in marijuana. Schwartz
(1985) isolated A. niger from the sinuses of a marijuana smoker who
suffered severe headaches. Llewellyn & O'Rear (1977) demonstrated
aflatoxin production in marijuana contaminated with A. flavus and A.
parasiticus.

Penicillium species have been isolated from marijuana cigarettes by
Kagen et al. (1983) and Kurup et al. (1983). Babu et al. (1977) cultured
P. chrysogenum from Cannabis seeds. Bush Doctor (1993) reports isolating
P. italicum from marijuana stored with an orange peel at 0o C.
Mucor species have been recovered from marijuana by Kagen et al. (1983)
and Kurup et al. (1983). A related zygomycete, Rhizopus stolonifer, was
isolated from damp marijuana by Bush Doctor (1993).

Babu et al. (1977) cultured several other fungi from Cannabis seeds
that, according to Bossche et al. (1990), may cause opportunistic
infections in AIDS patients. These include Alternaria alternata and
Curvularia lunata. McPartland (1983, 1991, 1992) recovered these fungi
from Cannabis in the field, plus a Fusarium spp. All these fungi produce
toxins. Ramírez (1990) reports four policeman contracting
histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, after destroying a
Cannabis field in Puerto Rico.